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Although melanoma is not a new disease, evidence for its occurrence in antiquity is rather scarce. However, one example lies in a 1960s examination of nine Peruvian Inca mummies, radiocarbon dated to be approximately 2400 years old, which showed apparent signs of melanoma: melanotic masses in the skin and diffuse metastases to the bones.
John Hunter is reported to be the first to operate on metastatic melanoma in 1787. Although not knowing precisely what it was, he described it as a "cancerous fungous excrescence". The excised tumor was preserved in the Hunterian Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. It was not until 1968 that microscopic examination of the specimen revealed it to be an example of metastatic melanoma.
The French physician René Laennec was the first to describe melanoma as a disease entity. His report was initially presented during a lecture for the Faculté de Médecine de Paris in 1804 and then published as a bulletin in 1806. The first English language report of melanoma was presented by an English general practitioner from Stourbridge, William Norris in 1820.
In his later work in 1857 he remarked that there is a familial predisposition for development of melanoma. The first formal acknowledgment of advanced melanoma as untreatable came from Samuel Cooper in 1840. He stated that the only chance for benefit depends upon the early removal of the disease. More than one and a half centuries later this situation remains largely unchanged.
One important pathway in melanin synthesis involves the transcription factor MITF. The MITF gene is highly conserved and is found in people, mice, birds, and even fish. MITF production is regulated via a fairly straightforward pathway. UV radiation causes increased expression of transcription factor p53 in keratinocytes.
P53 causes these cells to produce melanocyte stimulating hormone, which binds to melanocortin 1 receptors (MC1R) on melanocytes. Ligand-binding at MC1R receptors activates adenylate cyclases, which produce cAMP, which activates CREB, which promote MITF expression. The targets of MITF include p16 and Bcl2, a gene essential to melanocyte survival.
It is often difficult to design drugs that interfere with transcription factors, but perhaps new drugs will be discovered that can impede some reaction in the pathway upstream of MITF. Studies of chromatin structure also promise to shed light on transcriptional regulation in melanoma cells. It has long been assumed that nucleosomes are positioned randomly on DNA.
But murine studies of genes involved in melanin production now suggest that nucleosomes are stereotypically positioned on DNA. When a gene is undergoing transcription, its transcription start site is almost always nucleosome-free. When the gene is silent, however, nucleosomes often block the transcriptional start site, suggesting that nucleosome position may play a role in gene regulation.
Given the fact that melanin helps protect skin cells from UV-induced damage, new melanoma prevention strategies could involve attempts to induce melanin synthesis in individuals who would otherwise get sunburns. Redheads, for example, do not tan because they have MC1R mutations. Perhaps such a strategy will eventually be used to protect humans from melanoma.
NeviCurative is a powerful all natural topical treatment proven to eliminate and defeat moles or nevi. The pharmacological strength of NeviCurative provides effective elimination of moles without scarring, tissue damage, or recurrence. The treatment is painless and delivers profound results in the elimination of moles, returning skin tissue back to its original state.
Recent clinical trials have established the ability of the active constituents in NeviCurative to effectively eradicate skin moles and impair the growth of human melanoma cells. NeviCurative has therefore been shown to eliminate even the most stubborn moles, regardless of their location on the body, even when other treatments have failed.
NeviCurative is well-known for its antioxidant properties. It is comprised of certified organic medicinal plant extracts, which have demonstrated their ability to eradicate melanomas and skin tumors in laboratory tests. These extracts have a remarkable array of pharmacological and biochemical properties, which are highly effective in eradicating moles.
Results underscore the fact that NeviCurative, through its multiple effects on malignant cells, is useful against melanomas and moles. Due to its effectiveness in removing moles, NeviCurative has established a reputation as an unmatched mole treatment. To learn more, please go to http://www.bcured.net.
Although melanoma is not a new disease, evidence for its occurrence in antiquity is rather scarce. However, one example lies in a 1960s examination of nine Peruvian Inca mummies, radiocarbon dated to be approximately 2400 years old, which showed apparent signs of melanoma: melanotic masses in the skin and diffuse metastases to the bones.
John Hunter is reported to be the first to operate on metastatic melanoma in 1787. Although not knowing precisely what it was, he described it as a "cancerous fungous excrescence". The excised tumor was preserved in the Hunterian Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. It was not until 1968 that microscopic examination of the specimen revealed it to be an example of metastatic melanoma.
The French physician René Laennec was the first to describe melanoma as a disease entity. His report was initially presented during a lecture for the Faculté de Médecine de Paris in 1804 and then published as a bulletin in 1806. The first English language report of melanoma was presented by an English general practitioner from Stourbridge, William Norris in 1820.
In his later work in 1857 he remarked that there is a familial predisposition for development of melanoma. The first formal acknowledgment of advanced melanoma as untreatable came from Samuel Cooper in 1840. He stated that the only chance for benefit depends upon the early removal of the disease. More than one and a half centuries later this situation remains largely unchanged.
One important pathway in melanin synthesis involves the transcription factor MITF. The MITF gene is highly conserved and is found in people, mice, birds, and even fish. MITF production is regulated via a fairly straightforward pathway. UV radiation causes increased expression of transcription factor p53 in keratinocytes.
P53 causes these cells to produce melanocyte stimulating hormone, which binds to melanocortin 1 receptors (MC1R) on melanocytes. Ligand-binding at MC1R receptors activates adenylate cyclases, which produce cAMP, which activates CREB, which promote MITF expression. The targets of MITF include p16 and Bcl2, a gene essential to melanocyte survival.
It is often difficult to design drugs that interfere with transcription factors, but perhaps new drugs will be discovered that can impede some reaction in the pathway upstream of MITF. Studies of chromatin structure also promise to shed light on transcriptional regulation in melanoma cells. It has long been assumed that nucleosomes are positioned randomly on DNA.
But murine studies of genes involved in melanin production now suggest that nucleosomes are stereotypically positioned on DNA. When a gene is undergoing transcription, its transcription start site is almost always nucleosome-free. When the gene is silent, however, nucleosomes often block the transcriptional start site, suggesting that nucleosome position may play a role in gene regulation.
Given the fact that melanin helps protect skin cells from UV-induced damage, new melanoma prevention strategies could involve attempts to induce melanin synthesis in individuals who would otherwise get sunburns. Redheads, for example, do not tan because they have MC1R mutations. Perhaps such a strategy will eventually be used to protect humans from melanoma.
NeviCurative is a powerful all natural topical treatment proven to eliminate and defeat moles or nevi. The pharmacological strength of NeviCurative provides effective elimination of moles without scarring, tissue damage, or recurrence. The treatment is painless and delivers profound results in the elimination of moles, returning skin tissue back to its original state.
Recent clinical trials have established the ability of the active constituents in NeviCurative to effectively eradicate skin moles and impair the growth of human melanoma cells. NeviCurative has therefore been shown to eliminate even the most stubborn moles, regardless of their location on the body, even when other treatments have failed.
NeviCurative is well-known for its antioxidant properties. It is comprised of certified organic medicinal plant extracts, which have demonstrated their ability to eradicate melanomas and skin tumors in laboratory tests. These extracts have a remarkable array of pharmacological and biochemical properties, which are highly effective in eradicating moles.
Results underscore the fact that NeviCurative, through its multiple effects on malignant cells, is useful against melanomas and moles. Due to its effectiveness in removing moles, NeviCurative has established a reputation as an unmatched mole treatment. To learn more, please go to http://www.bcured.net.
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