Steps for Building

• First decide whether you want a pond that contains fish, and if so, what kind. Koi can become quite large, and so can goldfish, so you want your pond to be of sufficient size to accommodate the creatures you want in it. Keep in mind that a larger pond will be easier to maintain and is less likely to freeze during the winter in zones five or under. Decide also if you want frogs or a waterfall.
  
  Dig the pond to the desired shape. "After you have laid out the shape, measure the maximum length and width. Add the depth twice to these measurements plus a foot or two for overlap and this will give you the pond liner size," the Water Garden states.
  
  Position the filters and skimmers, and make certain they are level. Line the pond with pond underlayment, to protect the liner from stress and cracks. Then insert the rubber liner. Position it evenly.
  
  Place the coping around the edge of the pond. Fill with water, then dechlorinate.
  
  Immediately place your aquatic plants.
  
  

Pond Maintenance

• The Koi Fish Club recommends moderate use of packaged bacteria in water treatment. Regular treatment with bacteria, available at many garden supply stores, will help keep your pond healthy and free of waste. The bacteria break down the waste from the fish into nitrates, to keep the water pH levels normal. Nitrates are only harmful in large amounts.
  
  Regular testing is necessary to be certain the levels of chemicals are within ideal parameters. You can take a sample of the water to a local pet store for testing or you can purchase a home testing kit and do it yourself. The club recommends weekly testing.
  
  It also recommends a waterfall to aerate the water. Keeping the water oxygenated is important for the health of your fish.
  
  Water lilies are good for providing shade to the inhabitants of your pond.
  The Water Garden (see Resources) offers instructions for potting and caring for water lilies.